Knowing and intending cheat sheet

A quick look at knowing and intention on one page. Nothing here is new: each row links to the section that teaches it. Stage: B Beginner, I Intermediate, A Advanced.

Verbs have no tense. A /th/ word says how you know, how you hold the claim, or what someone means to do, and the ending says how firm: -l firm, -m default, -r for now. When unsure, use -m.

How you know

Channels

Pick one channel for how you know. LIVE and MEMORY place the event in time; the others do not.

Channel	Kind	Agazan	English	Stage
LIVE	direct	thodom	live / from the scene	I
MEMORY	direct	thevom	from memory	I
PATTERN	reasoned	thobam	from the pattern	I
CLUES	reasoned	thunem	from the clues / apparently	I
DEDUCED	reasoned	thugum	it follows / by deduction	I
REPORTED	received	thewam	so they say	I
INTUITION	internal	thahom	my gut says	I

Evidence strength

The ending grades your evidence: -l you could show it, -m you could describe it, -r you could only gesture at it. It is not how sure you feel or how likely the event is.

Channel	Graded on	-l show	-m describe	-r gesture	Stage
LIVE	clarity of view	thodol a clear view	thodom	thodor a glimpse	I
MEMORY	vividness	thevol a vivid memory	thevom	thevor a hazy memory	I
PATTERN	cases, consistency	thobal well established	thobam	thobar a few cases	I
CLUES	strength of clues	thunel strong clues	thunem	thuner a weak clue	I
DEDUCED	how far you checked the steps	thugul every step shown	thugum	thugur seems to follow	I
REPORTED	reliability of source	thewal a reliable source	thewam	thewar a rumor	I
INTUITION	how well you can state it	thahol a strong sense	thahom	thahor a faint hunch	I

Adding to a channel

Job	Example	English	Stage
Name the source: a noun in /b/ right after	zalahen thewam bazawan vedabal.	Alahen left, according to Azawan.	I
A device as the source	zalahen thodom bagahol vezebal.	Alahen is asleep, going by the camera.	I
How many hands: th#N after a channel	zalahen thewam threrel vedabal.	Alahen left, so they say, third-hand.	I
A forecast: channel + bral	thobam bral verehel.	It will rain, going by the pattern.	I
A hunch about later	zalahen thahor bral vedabal.	Alahen will leave, a faint hunch.	I
A dated claim: signed time measure	zazawan thevom bagazem grurel vowogal.	I saw Azawan walk three hours ago.	A
Later, dated	zalahen thewam bagazem grarel vedabal.	I hear Alahen leaves in three hours.	A
Give the grounds: barl, grounds in the next sentence	thunem thavem barl	inferred, and it was caused	I

Offset	Sign	Stage
thevom MEMORY	- only	A
thodom LIVE	no offset	A
thobam PATTERN	- or +	A

What a /b/ after a channel does: a person or thing is the source; a time measure is the offset; barl takes only CLUES, PATTERN and DEDUCED. A cause or condition word may not come before the channel.

You say	Clause after barl is	Form	Stage
what made it happen	the cause	thavem barl	I
what must hold for it	the condition	thoyem barl / tholum barl / thedam barl	I
how you know it happened	your grounds	thunem barl / thobam barl / thugum barl	I

Deduction

What you assert depends on what sits before barl: the channel alone asserts the premises; a pole between them asserts only the link. Join several premises with xam.

You claim	Form	You assert	Stage
P, so Q	Q thugum barl P	P and Q	I
Q follows from P	Q thugum thoyem barl P	only the link	I
P and Q come to the same thing	Q thugum thedam barl P	only the link, both ways	I
P rules out Q	Q denied with vul, then thugum thoyem barl P	only that P and Q cannot both hold	I
Q doesn't follow from P	Q thugum thoyem thul barl P	that the link fails	I

Whose view

Join the name to a channel, MAY, or NOTIONAL: keep the word's last letter and write the name straight after it. The name keeps its own -n, which is never the seam.

Job	Example	English	Stage
Holder on a channel	zalahen thunemazawan vedabal.	I gather Azawan thinks Alahen left.	A
Holder on REPORTED	zalahen thewamazawan vedabal.	I hear Azawan thinks Alahen left.	A
Holder on MAY	zalahen thovumazawan vedabal.	Maybe Azawan thinks Alahen left.	A
Holder on NOTIONAL	zalahen thavomazawan vedabal.	Imagine it as Azawan sees it.	A
Strength before the name	zalahen thunelazawan vedabal.	Strong clues say Azawan thinks Alahen left.	A

Keeping a channel

A channel you name is your frame, and later claims of yours keep it. See carrying a channel forward.

It keeps the frame	It ends the frame
your later statements	a new channel, NOTIONAL, or a holder
a new topic, sentence linkers, asides	yal written out
MIRATIVE or MAY	xavazem by the way, or a goodbye

A question, command, request, or prohibition does not take the frame, and does not end it.

Could be, imagined, surprising, still in effect

Each of these is a /th/ word with the same ending scale. MAY is could be with nothing behind it; NOTIONAL is an imagined scene; MIRATIVE says the news ran against what you expected; RESIDUE says an outcome still counts; FORMER says a usual pattern is not claimed for now.

Agazan	English	Taught in	Stage
thamom	residue mood (outcome still on the current tally)	Residue and former climate	I
thavol	notional mood rehearsal hold (practicing a possible scene to prepare for action)	Hold endings (NOTIONAL)	I
thavom	notional mood default hold (imagining a scene without a further purpose)	Notional (as-if framing)	I
thavor	notional mood suppose hold (toying with a possibility or assumption for now)	Hold endings (NOTIONAL)	I
thenom	former-climate mood (not the climate claimed now)	Residue and former climate	I
thezul	mirative mood overturning a firm expectation	Mirative (thezum)	I
thezum	mirative mood (newly found out and not expected)	Mirative (thezum)	I
thezur	mirative mood against a loose expectation	Mirative (thezum)	I
thovul	may mood find-out hold (I'll / let's find out)	Hold endings (MAY)	B
thovum	may mood (could be; default)	MAY	B
thovur	may mood who-knows hold (leave unsettled; may never know)	Hold endings (MAY)	B

Job	Example	English	Stage
MAY	zalahen thovum vedabal dahaben.	Alahen may be leaving Ahaben.	B
MAY, ask to find out	yol zazawan vabahel thovul dalahen.	Might Azawan be punching Alahen? let's find out.	B
RESIDUE	zalahen thamom vedabal.	Alahen has left (and is still gone).	I
RESIDUE with a channel	zalahen thevom thamom vedabal.	I remember Alahen leaving, and Alahen is still gone.	I
FORMER after the verb	zazawan hual vezebel thenom.	Azawan always tells, a former pattern.	I
A channel as the bar	thodom before zel	than it looks	I

Neither MAY nor MIRATIVE can be a comparison bar.

Already, still, not yet, no longer

Each compares what is true now with a change. Not a tense. -l is settled, -m could change back, -r only for now.

Meaning	-l	-m	-r	Stage
already	hohal for good	hoham	hohar for now	I
still	hagel and will keep on	hagem	hager about to end	I
not yet	huzel but it will	huzem	huzer maybe never	I
no longer	hewel never again	hewem	hewer paused	I

For has ever, use hoham with har; has never is hal (ever / never).

Intending

A want, a plan, and a decision are three steps, and they stack in that order. All of them are /th/ words before an ordinary verb, and none says the act happens.

Agazan	English	Taught in	Stage
thamal	plan mood atlas map-resolution (includes backups; fully prepared)	Plan	B
thamam	plan mood itinerary map-resolution (steps on the map)	Plan	B
thamar	plan mood sketch map-resolution (direction-only intention)	Plan	B
thehul	decision mood irreversible changeability (settled pick)	Decision (revisability)	I
thehum	decision mood modifiable changeability (open to revision)	Decision (revisability)	I
thehur	decision mood temporary changeability (pick for now)	Decision (revisability)	I
thohul	want mood lasting (a wish that keeps returning)	Want	I
thohum	want mood (duration unstated)	Want	I
thohur	want mood passing (a whim that fades)	Want	I
thudul	attempt mood committed (keep going until it works or is ruled out)	Try	I
thudum	attempt mood (commitment unstated)	Try	I
thudur	attempt mood trial run (low-stakes probe; failing is useful data)	Try	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Plan	zazawan thamam vowogal.	Azawan plans to walk.	B
Plan, sketch	zalahen thamar vowogal.	Alahen is thinking of walking.	B
Plan, atlas	zahaben thamal vowogal.	Ahaben is fully prepared to walk.	B
Decision	zalahen thehum vezehel.	Alahen has decided to sing, and can still change that.	I
Try	zazawan thudum varadal.	Azawan tries to write.	I
Trial run	zalahen thudur vezehel.	Alahen gives singing a try.	I
Committed	zalahen thudul vowogal.	Alahen keeps trying to walk.	I
Want	zazawan thohum vowogal.	Azawan wants to walk.	I
Want, a whim	zalahen thohur vezehel.	Alahen feels like singing.	I
Stacked: want, then plan	zazawan thohul thamam vowogal.	Azawan has long wanted to walk, and plans to.	I
Against their will	zazawan vowogal uem thohum.	Azawan walks against their will.	I
Someone else's want: their name in /b/	zazawan thohum balahen vowogal.	Alahen wants Azawan to walk.	I
Someone else's plan	zazawan thamam balahen vowogal.	Alahen plans for Azawan to walk.	I
Someone else's decision	zazawan thehum balahen vowogal.	Alahen has decided that Azawan walks.	I
Plan, and when	zazawan thamam balahen vowogal huwem bral.	Alahen plans for Azawan to walk later.	I
Try, failing that: xon	zazawan thudur vowogal xon zazawar vezehel.	Azawan gives walking a try; failing that, Azawan sings.	I
A plan with backups	zazawan thamal vowogal xon zazawar thamal vezehel xon zazawar thamal vezebal.	walk; failing that, sing; failing that, sleep	I

The /b/ right after PLAN holds whose plan it is or when the act comes, not both.

Ability

After the root, write x, a vowel, and the ending the word would have anyway. Only a verb or adjective takes it; with no single verb, use ubo.

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
xa	they can	can	I
xe	can't, just for now	can't right now	I
xo	can't yet	can't yet	I
xu	can never	can never	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Can	zazawan vezehexal.	Azawan can sing.	I
Could, a past skill	zazawan vezehexal thenom.	Azawan could sing.	I
So can I	zazawan vowogaxal. zalahen vowogaxar.	Azawan can walk, and so can Alahen.	I
Can't right now	zalahen vezehexel.	Alahen can't sing right now.	I
Can't yet	zahaben vezehexol.	Ahaben can't sing yet.	I
Can never	zazawan varahaxul.	Azawan can never run.	I
No single verb	zazawan thuboxel.	Azawan can't right now.	I

Don't mix up

This	vs	That
thovum could be (a guess, no reasons)		thunem from the clues (reasons you worked out)
thewam so they say (someone said it)		thavom imagine (a scene you make up)
thunel strong clues (how good your evidence is)		threrel third-hand (how many hands)
thobam bral will, by the pattern (a forecast)		thamam plans to (an intention)
thamom still in effect (the outcome stays)		hagem still (the state goes on)
thehum has decided (how open the choice is)		thamam plans (how worked out)
thudum tries (acts, outcome open)		vezehexal can sing (a claim about ability)
thohum wants (the subject's own wanting)		thehum balahen Alahen decides (nothing asked of the subject)