Numbers

Use a number word when English would say how many of something (three cats) or which place something has in a series (the second book). Write that whole count or rank as one word.

On this page

• Beginner
  • Counts
  • Ordinals
  • More than one (gral)
  • Practice
• Intermediate
  • Word shape
  • Parts of speech on numbers
  • Marker vowel (referential identity)
  • Number endings
  • Digitless
  • Exponents
  • Bare OoM
  • Group separator
  • Writing (preferred shorthand)
  • Starter examples
  • Number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse
  • Style (numeric vs spelled)
  • Practice
• Advanced
  • Digitless exponents
  • From the end: end-relative ordinal marker #- / ue
  • Stacked markers
  • Ambient magnitude (casual)
  • Practice
• Reference tables
  • Examples inventory
• See also

Beginner

Counts

To say how many of a thing there are, put a number word after the noun, in the same place as other adjectives (/ɡ/). Build the number word one syllable at a time:

1. the role letter g;
2. the count marker ra;
3. one syllable for each digit;
4. the ending -l.

Digits are spoken and written as these syllables:

Digit	Syllable	Digit	Syllable
1	wo	6	gu
2	du	7	le
3	re	8	ha
4	mo	9	na
5	va	0	zo

So three is g + ra + re + l: grarel.

zagadulx grarel. z-cat-x | g-three

"Three cats."

zazawan dugulx grarel vahahal. z-Azawan | [d-book-x | g-three] | v-see

"Azawan sees three books."

A number with more digits is still one word: one syllable per digit, left to right. Twenty is g + ra + du + zo + l: graduzol.

Ordinals

To say which place a thing has in a series (the first, the second, …), swap the count marker ra for the rank marker re. gredul is the second.

zugul gredul. z-book | g-2nd

"The second book."

zalahen dugul grerel varadal. z-Alahen | [d-book | g-3rd] | v-write

"Alahen writes the third book."

Marker	Use	English	Cue
ra	count	how many	a ≈ add
re	rank	which place	e ≈ order

The r right after the role letter tells you the word is a number: no other word puts a consonant there.

More than one (gral)

You can say the count is more than one without naming how many. Keep the count marker and leave the digits off: gral.

This is a different tool from -x on the noun: -x says you mean a group (cats as a set), and gral says how much. Both may sit on the same noun (zagadulx gral).

zagadulx gral. z-cat-x | g-more-than-one

"Cats, more than one."

Compare with: English some cats (a set in this situation, no count) uses the noun plus -x. Use gral when you mean the amount is more than one.

Practice

Short drills for Beginner. Try each item before opening Show answer.

Setting: a bakery

New words:

English	Agazan	Cue
baguette	ubogel	🥖
croissant	ogazal	🥐
pie	abawul	🥧
doughnut	ododel	🍩
smell	vonozal	👃 from nose

Review:

English	Agazan
Azawan	azawan
Alahen	alahen
Ahaben	ahaben
ant	anadol
bread	ebevul
cookie	ugugol
cook	vugugal
see	vahahal
find	vamagal

English → Agazan

1. Three croissants.

Show answer

zogazalx grarel.

z-croissant-x | g-three

2. Azawan sees two pies.

Show answer

zazawan dabawulx gradul vahahal.

z-Azawan | [d-pie-x | g-two] | v-see

3. Alahen finds the second doughnut.

Show answer

zalahen dododel gredul vamagal.

z-Alahen | [d-doughnut | g-2nd] | v-find

4. Ahaben smells baguettes, more than one.

Show answer

zahaben dubogelx gral vonozal.

z-Ahaben | [d-baguette-x | g-more-than-one] | v-smell

5. Twelve ants.

Show answer

zanadolx grawodul.

z-ant-x | g-twelve.spelled

6. Azawan cooks the tenth pie.

Show answer

zazawan dabawul grewozol vugugal.

z-Azawan | [d-pie | g-10th.spelled] | v-cook

Agazan → English

1. zubogelx gramol.

Show answer

z-baguette-x | g-four

Four baguettes.

2. zalahen debevul grerel vonozal.

Show answer

z-Alahen | [d-bread | g-3rd] | v-smell

Alahen smells the third bread.

3. zanadolx gral dugugol vahahal.

Show answer

[z-ant-x | g-more-than-one] | d-cookie | v-see

Ants, more than one, see a cookie.

4. zahaben dogazalx graduzol vamagal.

Show answer

z-Ahaben | [d-croissant-x | g-20.spelled] | v-find

Ahaben finds twenty croissants.

5. zabawul grewol.

Show answer

z-pie | g-1st

The first pie.

Pick one

1. Azawan sees the second baguette. zazawan dubogel gredul vahahal. or zazawan dubogel gradul vahahal.

Show answer

zazawan dubogel gredul vahahal.

z-Azawan | [d-baguette | g-2nd] | v-see

Rank marker re gives the place in a series; ra would count two.

2. Three doughnuts. zododelx grarel. or zododelx gral.

Show answer

zododelx grarel.

z-doughnut-x | g-three

grarel names the count; gral only says more than one.

Fix it

1. Alahen sees four pies. zalahen gramol dabawulx vahahal.

Show answer

zalahen dabawulx gramol vahahal.

z-Alahen | [d-pie-x | g-four] | v-see

A number word is a /ɡ/ word, so it goes after its noun; before dabawulx it counts Alahen.

Intermediate

Word shape

Beginner already built one word: role letter, marker, digit syllables, ending. The same four slots hold every free number you meet next (a number word on its own, not built onto a content root).

[PoS] + r + V + ( group ( th + V₁ + group )* )? + [ending]
group = [exponent?] [mantissa digits?]

1. PoS: the role letter (part of speech), as on any other word.
2. Number marker: consonant r plus a vowel V. V is a single vowel at this stage. The cluster of role letter plus r is a number-only letter-cluster exception. A marker can sound like a digit (rank re, digit 3 re), but the marker always comes straight after the role letter, so grerel is the third.
3. Zero or more digit groups: each group is an optional exponent (the order of magnitude piece) and optional mantissa digits (the ordinary digits). A group always has at least one of those two pieces. Digits sit next to each other with no x between them. A sign, when there is one, applies once to the whole word. With no groups, the word is digitless: it says what kind of number it is, but not its value.
4. Group separator: each group after the first opens with th plus V₁, the first vowel of the marker (below).
5. Ending: -l / -m / -n / -r.

Speech always uses the fully spelled form. Writing also has a shorthand for numbers with two or more digits (g+12); zero, one digit, or none stays spelled (grarel, gral): style.

Related form: naming a group of people or things uses -x on an ordinary noun.

Parts of speech on numbers

Beginner put the number after a noun (three cats). You can also put the number itself in other slots: as the subject, as the object, or as the extra noun under a host.

Change only the first letter. The marker and digits stay the same, and on these four role letters the number still means a plain amount, rank, or code.

zrarel gubuhel. z-three | g-blue

"Three is blue."

Prefix	Use	English
/ɡ/	modifier after the noun	three cats, the second page, room 12
/z/	subject	the value, code, or rank as subject
/d/	direct object	a code being dialed or a value being stated
/b/	extra noun	of size 12; host on + a label

Marker vowel (referential identity)

Beginner already used ra (how many) and re (which place from the start). The marker vowel V completes that set: it says whether the word is a count, a rank, or a string of digits, and on a count it also gives the sign of the whole number. The table shows each marker's shorthand symbol in parentheses. Forward ordinal e matches rank join e.

Agazan	Use	English	Cue
a (+)	positive scalar (count or measure amount)	g+3 three cats; g+ plural / more than one; z+3 three (subj); b+12 of size 12	a ≈ add
u (-)	negative scalar	d-3 −3 (obj); z- some negative amount; g-2 signed measure on a noun	u ≈ undo
e (#)	ordinal / rank from the start	g#2 the second page; g# some rank; z#2 second (rank as subject)	e ≈ order
o (_)	digit-string / label (phones, IDs, “read the digits”)	d_5551234; d_ some code; g_12 room 12-style; b_… under a host relation	o ≈ one (one string)

Each number word is one kind of number, set by its marker. In preferred writing, the marker is + / - / # / _.

Clock and date writing are covered in Time.

Sign

Identity	How sign works
Scalar (a / u, written + / -)	Sign is V. Multi-group scalars share one sign for the whole word (e.g. −1 000 265 004 is one ru word).
Forward ordinal (e, written #)	Direction from the start
Digit-string (o, written _)	Labels are unsigned.

Number endings

Beginner already used exact -l. The other endings mark about, a conventional title, or a repeat of a number you already gave. Speech keeps the ending letter. Shorthand writing shows the ending as a mark right after the role letter (the same marks as on spans).

Written	Spoken	Use	Cue
(none): g+3, g+	-l	exact, newly stated (default)	-l stands behind the amount
~ after PoS: g~+3, g~+	-m	approximate / non-literal (“about N”)	-m leaves the hold open
@ after PoS: g@#2	-n	conventional designation (titles, official labels, the Second…)	-n names the number
= after PoS: g=+3, g=#2, d=_12	-r	resume of a previously stated number, code, or rank (at least one digit)	-r points back

A resume needs at least one digit: grarer = that three again; gredur = that second one again. Use the same marker as the number you repeat. Digitless -r (grar) is not a resume: like a standalone join -r, it is some number in a statement and which number? in a question (digitless). = is never combined with ~ or @.

Digitless

Beginner already used gral for more than one. Any marker may drop every digit group: role letter + marker + ending only. The marker still says what kind of number this is. With -l / -m / -n, the amount, rank, or label is unspecified. With -r, the word is a blank, like a standalone join -r: some number in a statement, which number? in a fill-ask.

Agazan	Use	English	Cue
ra (…+)	unspecified positive scalar, specialized to plural count / amount >1	complements …+0 (zero), …+1 (one), …+N (exact N≥2)	a ≈ add
ru (…-)	unspecified negative scalar	some negative amount; exact negatives keep digits (…-N)	u ≈ undo
re (…#)	unspecified rank from the start	some nth / some place; exact ranks keep digits (…#N)	e ≈ order
ro (…_)	unspecified digit-string / label	some code; a label; exact labels keep digits (…_…)	o ≈ one

Compare with: noun -x names a group of things. Digitless ra names a count or amount above one without saying how many. Both may sit on the same noun (zagadulx gral).

On a /b/ offset right after a channel, digitless bral is later and brul is earlier, with no amount claimed (forecasts).

Open gram is a soft count: a few / some. It says there is more than one without claiming a number. Closed gral still means more than one.

zagadulx gram vehahel. [z-cat-x | g-more-than-one.about] | v-sit

"A few cats sit."

A mass noun such as tea is not counted, so more than one makes no sense for it. On a mass noun, gral is some: an amount that is not zero.

zedehel gral vehahel. [z-tea | g-more-than-one] | v-sit

"Some tea sits there."

Many, few, enough, and too much compare the amount against a baseline, so they are comparatives, not number words.

Words such as zar / zor stand for an unnamed member of a set. Digitless number -r stands for an unnamed value the same way: some amount, with no claim that it is more than one. Digitless number -l (and -m / -n) brings in an unnamed amount of that kind, and gral still says more than one.

zazawan drar vahahal. z-Azawan | d-some-amount | v-see

"Azawan sees some number of them."

In a question, the same word is the blank: how many? (below).

yol drar zazawan vahahal. y-question | d-how-many | z-Azawan | v-see

"How many does Azawan see?"

To repeat a number already given, keep at least one digit: zalahen drarel vahahal. zazawan drarer vahahal. Alahen sees three. Azawan sees those three too.

How many?

To ask for a number, write a number word with no digits and the -r ending (written = after the role letter). That empty number is the blank, the same way zar is the blank for who? (fill-ask). The marker says which kind of number you want. (cue: -r names this member; the marker vowel says count, place, or code)

yol dagadulx grar zazawan vahahal. y-question | [d-cat-x | g-how-many] | z-Azawan | v-see

"How many cats does Azawan see?"

Agazan	Use	English	Cue
g=+ (grar)	fill a count or amount	How many? / How much?	a ≈ add
g=# (grer)	fill a place in order	Which place? (which floor, which chapter)	e ≈ order
g=_ (gror)	fill a code or label	What number? (phone, room)	o ≈ one

yol ol brer zalahen vehahel. y-question | [at | b-which-place] | z-Alahen | v-sit

"Which place does Alahen sit in?"

Answer with the number as a citation or a full sentence.

Compare with: outside a question, the same word is some number (zazawan drar vahahal. Azawan sees some number of them). To repeat a number already given, keep a digit: drarer (above).

How big? How fast?

To ask how much of a quality, put the same blank on /w/ immediately before the adjective or adverb: wrar. It is the degree slot that barely / almost use.

yol wrar gelavam zodogal. y-question | [w-how-many | g-big] | z-dog

"How big is the dog?"

yol wrar hadehum zodogal varahal. y-question | [w-how-many | h-haste] | z-dog | v-run

"How fast does the dog run?"

To ask for an exact size in units, fill a measure phrase instead: yol bezezem grar gelavam zodogal. How many meters big is the dog?

Other role letters take the same blank: the marker with no digits and -r (on /h/, how many times?). Do not confuse that blank with har (sometimes), which is a restrictor, not a number.

Exponents

To write a large or tiny amount in one word (27 million, 5.2e-4, 25%), put an exponent (the power of ten) in the digit group, before the ordinary digits (the mantissa).

Speech uses ba / bu for that exponent, then ya if mantissa digits follow. You never need a separate times ten to the … phrase: the size is part of the number word.

g+27e12

🔊 grabawoduyadulel

g-27e12

"27 × 10¹²."

Marker	Use	English	Cue
ba	positive exponent, then its digits	e12	a ≈ add
bu	negative exponent, then its digits	e-6	u ≈ undo
ya	after exponent digits when a mantissa follows	(not a digit)
ye	decimal point	5.2
yo	percent closer	25% (percent)
yu	percentage-point closer	+2 pp (percent)

• The exponent comes before that group’s mantissa digits.
• If a mantissa follows, say ya after the last exponent digit, then the mantissa. Example: 27e12 → ba + wo + du + ya + du + le.
• Exponent only, no mantissa: say ba / bu and the exponent digits, with no ya. Example: e9 → ba + na.
• Ordinary amounts usually omit exponent 0: write grarel.
• By default, write the order of magnitude (the power of ten) in engineering notation: exponents are usually multiples of 3 (e.g. 27e6).
• Decimal point: say ye after the digit(s) left of the point; digits after ye are the fractional part.
• In a measure, name the base unit and put the exponent or exact count on the amount (measure phrases).

g+5.2

🔊 gravayedul

g-5.2

"5.2."

Bare OoM

English hundreds or thousands names a range of sizes without a count. To say that, write a bare order of magnitude (OoM): exponent digits with no mantissa. The word then covers every amount from 10ᴷ up to, but not including, 10ᴷ⁺¹, so g+e3 is 1000–9999, not every larger amount.

Form	Band	Gloss
g+e0	[10⁰, 10¹) = 1–9	ones (some amount in the ones place)
g+e1	[10¹, 10²) = 10–99	tens
g+e2	[10², 10³) = 100–999	hundreds
g+e3	[10³, 10⁴) = 1000–9999	thousands (e4 / e5 are tens/hundreds of thousands)
g+e6	[10⁶, 10⁷)	millions band only
g-e3	(−10⁴, −10³] polarity with ru	negative thousands band

These work the same way on /z/, /d/, and /b/. Soft grabarem ≈ about in the thousands band. Exact count inside a band uses a mantissa (g+4e3 = 4000), not bare OoM.

Group separator

When a number has more than one digit group, you say each comma. The spoken comma is th plus the first vowel of the marker. Written text keeps the comma.

g+5e3,860

🔊 grabareyavathahaguzol

g-5e3,860

"5860."

Syllable by syllable: g + ra + ba re ya va + tha + ha gu zo + l.

Marker	Separator	Example	Cue
ra (+)	tha	g+5e3,860	a ≈ add (still counting up)
ru (-)	thu	g-1e9,265e3,4	u ≈ undo (the sign is heard again at every break)
re (#)	the	g#2,3 (2nd within the 3rd)	e ≈ order
ro (_)	tho	d_555,123,4567	o ≈ one (one label)

Say a separator exactly where a comma is written, and nowhere else: g+860 has none; g+5e3,860 has one. The separator must match the marker, so a listener who missed the start of a long negative number still hears thu at each break.

Nested rank. On an ordinal, each comma opens a place within the place before it, innermost first, as in dates: g#2,3 is seat 2 in row 3; g#16,4 is verse 16 of chapter 4. An exponent on an ordinal is generation, so a large ordinal is one group of plain digits: g#1005 (the 1005th).

zezedal g#2,3.

🔊 zezedal gredutherel.

z-seat | g-#-2,3

"Seat 2 in row 3."

Writing (preferred shorthand)

Beginner spelled every number out (grarel, graduzol). Writing also has a shorthand for the ending, marker, and body: g+3 for grarel, g+20 for graduzol. Both writings name the same word. Running text uses shorthand once a number has two or more digits; zero, one digit, or none stays spelled (style). Tables use shorthand for every row, so patterns line up.

[PoS] + [~|@|=]? + [marker] + [body?]

Ending marks (second slot, after PoS)

These are the same marks, with the same meanings, as on spans: ~ soft, @ proper. A resume uses =.

Mark	Speech ending	Job	Examples
(none)	-l	exact (default)	g+3, g+, g#2, d_555,123,4567
~	-m	approximate / soft	g~+3, g~+, g~+27e6, g~#2
@	-n	conventional	g@#2, g@_12
=	-r	resume (digit) / blank (digitless)	g=+3, g=#2, g=+

A hedged conventional number (both @ and ~) is written with @ only, as on spans. = is never combined with another mark. A spelled word shows its ending as the last letter (grarel, gram) instead of a mark.

Marker (not written as r+V)

Symbol	Speech	Meaning
+	ra	Positive scalar
-	ru	Negative scalar
#	re	Ordinal (from the start)
_	ro	Digit-string

Put the marker symbol right after the ending mark (or right after the role letter when there is no mark), before the digits (or last, when there are no digits): g+3, g~+3, g=+, d_555,123,4567, d=_, g@#2. A _ label never takes a sign (Sign).

Body

Speech	Preferred writing
(no digit groups)	(empty after marker) g+, g~-, g=#, d_
Digit syllables (wo…zo)	Arabic 0–9
ba / bu (+ ya when a mantissa follows)	e / e-
named exp 0	e0: ones band g+e0; assert g+3e0 / g#e0
th + marker vowel (group separator)	,
ye	.
yo	%
yu	%*

Commas separate digit groups. Each comma is spoken as the group separator. Digitless forms have no commas.

For long values, break into digit groups of at most three mantissa digits (plus their exponents); all groups still sit in one word after a single marker.

Starter examples

Common values in shorthand, as tables write them. Speech always uses the fully spelled form.

Value	Writing	Reading
plural / more than one	g+	more than one (digitless ra)
three (modifier)	g+3	three (on a noun)
three (subject)	z+3	three
−3 (object)	d-3	−3
second (modifier)	g#2	the second
about 3	g~+3	approximate (-m)
how many? / some amount	g=+	digitless -r blank
that three again	g=+3	-r resume (needs a digit)
room 12	g_12	digit-string label

Number as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse

You can use a number as the action (add three), as how often (three times), as how likely (70% likely), as a shout (Three more!), as a list label (point 2:), or as a place on a scale (second biggest). Put the same number word on /v/, /h/, /th/, /y/, /x/, or /w/. The role letter picks the use; the marker still says count, rank, or code.

On /ɡ/, /z/, /d/, and /b/, the number stays a plain amount, rank, or code (marker vowel).

Number as verb (by marker)

On /v/, the marker decides which action the number names.

Marker	Verb sense
ra	Add N / increase by N: transitive add N of (object) / increase (object) by N; intransitive grow by N when the patient is clear from context.
ru	Remove N / decrease by N: transitive remove N of (object) / decrease (object) by N; intransitive shrink by N.
re	Take / assign rank N (from the start): intransitive place Nth / come in Nth; transitive put (object) in Nth place / rank as Nth.
ro	Enter / dial / input that digit-string: type the code, dial the phone number, key the ID. Object (if any) is the channel or device; the digits are in the verb.

To set a quantity to a value, use an ordinary verb with the number as its object or as an adverb. For multiply and divide, use an ordinary verb plus h+N / h-N. With percentage points (yu), ra / ru as verbs mean increase/decrease by that point amount.

Endings still apply (-m ≈ about that amount/code/rank, -r resume with a digit; digitless vrar / vror is a blank).

Number as adverb (by marker)

On /h/, the marker decides what kind of adverb the number is.

Marker	Writing	Adverb sense
ra	h+N	Multiplicative / factor: N times; ×N; by a factor of N (alone, or with ordinary multiply).
ru	h-N	Inverse / partition: ÷N; into N parts; 1/N as often; every Nth (alone, or with ordinary divide).
re	h#N	Nth occurrence of the event (from the start): for the Nth time; on the Nth try (clause-event ordinal, not discourse list independence).
ro	h_…	Clock: at 15:30 (h_15,30). Date uses a calendar ordinal: on 22 July 2026. Channel, frequency, and other codes use a host relation + /b/ (or /ɡ/ on a noun). See Time.

zalahen vowogal hrarel. z-Alahen | v-walk | h-three

"Alahen walks three times."

Worked examples: hrarel three times; hrurel ÷3 / into 3; hrerel for the third time; h_15,30 at 15:30. A frequency code goes after a relation word: on (on /h/) + b_101.1.

Endings still apply (-m ≈ about that many times / that clock or date, -r resume with a digit; digitless hrar how many times? / hror when? is a blank). Relative %-change factors use h+… (e.g. ×1.5). See percent.

Number as interjection (by marker)

On /y/, a number is a shout (Three more!, a score). Number cheers sit with the other opening /y/ words (before the act word, when a clause follows) or alone as a whole turn with no act word.

Marker	Writing	Interjection sense
ra	y+N	Quantity addition: Three more!; Ten more! (add N to the relevant count / tally / order).
ru	y-N	Deficit / shortfall call: Three short!; Three fewer!; Down by 2!; −3! (mirror of y+).
re	y#N	Place / rank cheer (from the start): First!; Second! (podium / place shout).
ro	y_…	Digit-label / magnitude call-out: Three!; B-12!; five-five-five!; score, bingo, code, or ID as a bare reading of the digits (not “N more”).

English Three! naming a score or count is yrol. Three more! (increment the tally) is yral.

Worked examples: y_3 Three!; yrarel Three more!; yrurel Three short!; yrewol First!.

Endings still apply (-m fuzzy about three more!, -n conventional call name, -r resume a prior shout’s value, with a digit).

Compare with: statement / question / command words in the speech-act section.

Bare OoM bands keep their band under /v/ /h/ /y/: vrabarel increase by a thousands-band amount; hrabazol × a ones-band factor; yrabarel Thousands! (band cheer).

Number as discourse marker (by marker)

To number the points of a list (point 2:, firstly) or to cite a label (item 12), put the number on /x/, the linker that opens a sentence. The marker says how the point stands toward the other points: # is a plain numbered step, + backs up an earlier point, and - is a new, independent line of support. _ cites a label instead. None of these is part of the sentence's own roles, unlike /ɡ/ the second page or /h/ three times.

Marker	Writing	Discourse sense
re	x#N	Neutral point N: numbered item from the start, no independence framing (point N:, note N:, bare (N)).
ra	x+N	Corroborating item N: backs, restates, or same-directions an earlier item (corroborating N:, echoing N:). Legitimate for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or a related source, not a new line of support.
ru	x-N	Independent item N: a new line of support or consideration (independent N:, distinct N:). Would still matter if other listed items were gone.
ro	x_…	Cite a discourse label: agenda item, section code, slide, ticket id (digits as label, not independence framing) (regarding item 12; under 3.2).

Ordinary firstly / secondly is x#N. The marker does not say whether a point argues for or against; say that in ordinary words (or with evidentiality on the claim).

Worked examples: xredul point 2:; xradul corroborating 2:; xrudul independent 2:.

Endings still apply (-l newly stated item, -r as in (N) above (with a digit; digitless xrer is a blank), -n titled item name, -m fuzzy around item N).

Number as degree (by marker)

On /w/, a number sits in the degree slot right before an adjective or adverb (clause). Only the ordinal marker gives a new reading: w#N (N from 2) is the place on that scale, in a superlative frame (zazawan zel wredul gelavam Azawan is the second biggest). The other number readings on /w/ were already set: the blank wrar asks how much? (how big), and the Advanced just-short forms are barely / almost. A count or a fraction on /w/ (w+3) is not used: a factor goes on /h/ (hradul twice, factor).

Number as stance (by marker)

/th/ + number is your stance on the whole claim: how likely you think it is, or which numbered source it rests on. Spoken, it starts thr…, as in English three.

zalahen vowogal th+70.

🔊 zalahen vowogal thralezol.

z-Alahen | v-walk | th-70-percent-likely

"Alahen is probably walking (I'd put it at 70%)."

Marker	Writing	Stance sense
ra	th+N	Likelihood N percent: th+70 70% likely; th+99.9 99.9% likely. The digits are already a percent, 0–100; do not add %.
ra / ru	th+ / th-	likely / unlikely, with no figure
ro	th_N	According to source N: a footnote, reference, or exhibit label (th_3 per [3]). Digitless th_ = per a source you do not name.
re	th#N	N-th hand (N from 2): how many hands stand between the event and you, on any channel that is not first-hand (th#3 third-hand, a tertiary source). Taught with the channels: second-hand and further.

For 30% unlikely, give the likelihood of the claim itself (th+70). A minus with digits (th-N) and an end-relative rank (th#-N) are not used, and neither is th#1: first-hand is a channel word.

Endings still apply: -m about that likelihood (th~+70 roughly 70%), -n a conventional level (th@+95 at the 95% confidence level), -r the same likelihood as before (th=+70); digitless thrar asks how likely? under question, and threr asks how many hands?

Compare with: evidentiality says how you know; th_N says which numbered source. MAY (thovum) says the claim is open without a figure. Pretense as if in play or make-believe is NOTIONAL.

Style (numeric vs spelled)

Both writings name the same word. Choose the surface by one test: how many digits does the word have? Count every digit, including exponent digits.

Word	Prefer	Why
Free number with two or more digits	shorthand	g+12, x#21, g+5.2e-4: a value to scan and compare
Free number with one digit or none	spelled	grarel three, gredul second, grazol zero, gral more than one, drar how many; reads as a word, as English writes three
Digit-string label or code (_)	shorthand	d_5, d_555,123,4567: a code, not an amount (English Room 5)
Numeric derivation / kind morph	spelled (required)	shorthand after a root does not form a word
Inventory tables	shorthand	patterns are easy to scan

Side by side: number words next to each other (a range, a list of values) share one writing. If any of them needs shorthand, write them all in shorthand: z+3 al z+12, not zrarel al z+12.

Speech and writing drills that teach the shorthand itself still show one-digit shorthand.

A free number in shorthand shows its ending as a mark after the role letter (g~+3); spelled out, it shows the ending as its last letter (grarem). A number built onto a content root (numeric derivation) is always spelled out (NUM) and never takes the marks ~ / @ / =.

Practice

Short drills for Intermediate. Try each item before opening Show answer. Use shorthand for two or more digits (g+12, g#12); spell zero, one digit, or none (grarem, gredul, gral).

Setting: a sports stadium

New words:

English	Agazan	Cue
seat	ezedal	💺
trophy	odovel	🏆: its abstract is score

Review:

English	Agazan
Azawan	azawan
Alahen	alahen
Ahaben	ahaben
see	vahahal
sit	vehahel
run	varahal
punch	vabahel

English → Agazan

1. About three seats.

Show answer

zezedalx grarem.

z-seat-x | g-three.about

2. Alahen runs three times.

Show answer

zalahen varahal hrarel.

z-Alahen | v-run | h-three

3. Point 2: Azawan sits.

Show answer

xredul zazawan vehahel.

x-2nd | z-Azawan | v-sit

4. Alahen adds three to the score.

Show answer

zalahen dodovem vrarel.

z-Alahen | d-score | v-three

5. Thousands see the trophy. (the thousands band, no exact count)

Show answer

zrabarel dodovel vahahal.

z-+-e3 | d-trophy | v-see

6. Azawan will probably punch (I'd put it at 70%).

Show answer

zazawan vabahel th+70.

🔊 zazawan vabahel thralezol.

z-Azawan | v-punch | th-70-percent-likely

Agazan → English

1. zredul dodovel vahahal.

Show answer

z-2nd | d-trophy | v-see

The second one sees the trophy.

2. y_3.

Show answer

🔊 yrorel.

y-_3

Three! (a score or label)

3. yol drar zalahen vahahal.

Show answer

y-question | d-how-many | z-Alahen | v-see

How many does Alahen see?

4. z+5e3,860 vehahel.

Show answer

🔊 zrabareyavathahaguzol vehahel.

z-5e3,860 | v-sit

5860 sit.

5. zahaben vehahel hrerel.

Show answer

z-Ahaben | v-sit | h-3rd

Ahaben sits for the third time.

6. zahaben dezedalx g~+30 vahahal.

Show answer

🔊 zahaben dezedalx grarezom vahahal.

z-Ahaben | [d-seat-x | g-30.about] | v-see

Ahaben sees about thirty seats.

Pick one

1. Alahen sees about four seats. zalahen dezedalx gramom vahahal. or zalahen dezedalx gramol vahahal.

Show answer

zalahen dezedalx gramom vahahal.

z-Alahen | [d-seat-x | g-four.about] | v-see

-m makes the number approximate; -l is exact.

2. Ahaben sees seat 5 (its label). zahaben dezedal groval vahahal. or zahaben dezedal graval vahahal.

Show answer

zahaben dezedal groval vahahal.

z-Ahaben | [d-seat | g-_5.spelled] | v-see

A label is a digit string, marker ro; ra would count five.

Fix it

1. the fifth seat zezedal graval.

Show answer

zezedal greval.

z-seat | g-5th

A place in a series is a rank, marker re; ra counts.

Advanced

Digitless exponents

To say infinitely many, last place, a gazillion, or absolutely zero, write the exponent mark ba or bu with no exponent digits. What the word means depends on what comes before the empty exponent: nothing, nonzero mantissa digits, or the mantissa 0 (table). A word has only one such group, and that group takes no percent closer.

Shape	Reading
ba/bu alone (no mantissa)	special value: +∞ / −∞ / last place / start place / … (tables below)
Mantissa ≠0 + ba/bu∅	hyperbole (N gazillion / umpteenth)
Mantissa 0 + ba/bu∅	zero × digitless exp

zagadulx grabal. z-cat-x | g-plus-infinity

"Cats, infinitely many."

Writing: e = speech ba; e- = speech bu. Digitless means no power digits after that mark: g+e / g+e- in tables, spelled grabal / grabul in running text. Bare / assert e0 writes power 0: grabazol, g+3e0 (not digitless).

The marker still says amount, rank, or code. Kind compounds may use digitless _ as infinite / landmark labels (ROOTl_e, ROOTl_e-, ROOTl_1e, …).

Special values: no mantissa

Referential (/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/)

Form	Anatomy	Reading
g+e (etc.)	ra + ba∅ + -l	+∞
g~+e	ra + ba∅ + -m	arbitrarily large but finite
g+e-	ra + bu∅ + -l	arbitrarily small but finite
g-e	ru + ba∅ + -l	−∞
g~-e	ru + ba∅ + -m	arbitrarily large but finite (negative / deficit)
g#e	re + ba∅ + -l	last place / final-place landmark (ultimate-descendant pole of the generation axis)
g~#e	re + ba∅ + -m	near last place
g#e-	re + bu∅ + -l	start / beginning place / origin landmark: first with emphasis on onset (the starting one, at the beginning). Numbered 1st is g#1. Ultimate-ancestor pole
g~#e-	re + bu∅ + -m	near first place
g-e-	ru + bu∅ + -l	just short: arbitrarily small but finite shortfall (a hair under); against a target, almost
g~-e-	ru + bu∅ + -m	nearly: a small shortfall, not claimed to be tiny

Same under /z/ /d/ /b/ (zrabal = +∞ as subject; drebul = start-place as object; brabul = of an arbitrarily small but finite amount; zrubul = a hair-short amount as subject). Contrast grewol = numbered first / 1st; grebul = beginning/onset landmark.

Just short (grubul): negative marker (ru) + digitless negative exponent (bu∅), no mantissa. It mirrors grabul (a hair over zero): grubul is a hair under: the smallest shortfall. Against a target it reads almost; as a signed time offset it reads just before (brubul just now), and brabul reads just after (any moment now).

Compare with: the same form on each role letter: grubul the amount, xrubul just before that:, thrubul virtually, vrubul nudge down, hrubul almost, yrubul so close!. Pretend as if is a different thing: the mood avo (Notional, e.g. thavom).

Endings (no-mantissa specials):

Ending	Sense
-l	Exact special value (default): +∞ / −∞ / last place / start place / arbitrarily small but finite / just short as in the form table
-m on ba∅ (…em)	Arbitrarily large but finite on scalars (g~+e / g~-e); on ordinals (g~#e) = near last place
-m on bu∅ (…e-m)	Soft / approximate small on scalars (g~+e-); nearly on ru+bu∅ (g~-e-); on ordinals (g~#e-) = near first place
-n	Conventional designation of that special (named ∞ symbol, official last place / starting title, …)
-r	Resume a prior special value of that marker+exp polarity (g=+e = that +∞ again; g=+e- = that arbitrarily small amount again; g=-e- = that same hair-short amount again)

Number as verb and adverb

On /v/ and /h/, these special values (∞, last, start, a tiny amount) become actions and adverbs. Soft -m softens them the same way it does on /ɡ/ (a lot but finite, near last, …).

Scalars (ra / ru):

Form	Reading
v+e	increase without bound
v~+e	increase a lot but finite
v-e	decrease without bound
v~-e	decrease a lot but finite
v+e-	nudge up: increase by an arbitrarily small but finite amount
v-e-	nudge down: decrease by an arbitrarily small but finite amount
v~-e-	ease down a little
h+e	unbounded multiplicity (× without bound / unboundedly many times)
h~+e	many times but finite
h+e-	barely: the action clears one full time by a hair (zazawan h+e- vehahel. Azawan barely sits)
h~+e-	scraped by: it happened, but only with strain
h-e-	almost: the action falls a hair short of one full time (zazawan h-e- vehahel. Azawan almost sits)
h~-e-	came close: it fell short despite a real effort

Margin vs effort: -l (hrabul / hrubul) measures the margin: over or under by a hair. ~ (-m) reports the felt effort instead: zazawan hrabum vehahel. is Azawan managed to sit, just; zazawan hrubum vehahel. is Azawan tried hard to sit and didn't quite. Division into parts keeps its counted form h-N.

On a quality: the same pair sits on /w/ before an adjective or adverb. wrabul = barely; wrubul = almost.

zodogal wrubul gubuhel vowogal. [z-dog | [w---e- | g-blue]] | v-walk

"An almost blue dog walks."

Stance: a whole claim that holds all but a hair is stance, not manner, so it sits on /th/: thrubul = virtually / practically; thrubum = more or less. hrubul says the event fell short; thrubul says your claim is a hair short of exact. See number as stance.

Ordinals (re), start/last landmarks:

Form	Reading
v#e	take / come in last place
v~#e	take / come in near last place
v#e-	take / come in starting place
v~#e-	take / come in near first place
h#e	for the last time
h~#e	for a near-last time
h#e-	for the first time (onset framing). Numbered h#1 is a counted first.
h~#e-	for a near-first time

Soft, named, and resume endings (~ / @ / =) work as on the other special values.

Number as interjection

On /y/, the special values are cheers:

Form	Reading
y+e	To infinity!
y~+e	To a huge (but finite) amount!
y#e	Finally! (place/coda cheer). Discourse x#e is Finally:
y~#e	Almost finally! / soft coda cheer
y#e-	(finally, we're) starting! (onset cheer). Discourse x#e- is Starting with:
y~#e-	soft onset cheer
y-e-	So close! / Almost! (near-miss cheer)
y~-e-	soft nearly!

Number as discourse

Last point / Finally: xrebal = Finally: / last point: (committed coda item). Soft xrebam = near-final; named xreban = ritual / titled Finally; xrebar resumes that last-point marker. Extra items use discourse hook al (additionally: hooks.md).

Starting point / Starting with: xrebul = Starting with: / to begin: (committed opening item). Soft xrebum = near-start; named xrebun = ritual / titled Starting with; xrebur resumes that start-point marker. Numbered firstly is xrewol.

Under /x/, a digitful exponent on # is outline depth relative to the focused agenda item: x#3e2 = 3rd sub-sub-point under the focus; xrebuwol = parent-layer item(s); xrebazol = current-layer item(s). A flat list uses x#N (and Finally / Starting with as above).

These sit beside the numbered points of Number as discourse marker. End-relative discourse points use x#-N. Just-before discourse: xrubul = just before that: (step back a moment in the telling). Soft xrubum; named xrubun; resume xrubur. Corroborating is xral; independent is xrul.

Zero × exponent

To say absolutely nothing, empty at the seed, or a residue that will not go away, pair the mantissa 0 with an exponent: a digitless one, or the engineering e-1. Soft, named, and resume endings (~ / @ / =) work as on the other special values.

Related form: this section covers free number words. The same forms built onto a content root (ROOTl+0e, …) are in numeric-derivation.md.

Referential (/ɡ/ /z/ /d/ /b/)

Form	Anatomy	Reading
g+0e	mantissa 0 + digitless ba	absolute zero / totalized null quantity; stronger than plain g+0
g+0e-	mantissa 0 + digitless bu	sterile / null-at-seed amount: emptiness at grain scale
g-0e	ru + mantissa 0 + digitless ba	absolute residue quantity: amount that will not totally wipe
g-0e-	ru + mantissa 0 + digitless bu	micro-residue amount
g+0e-1	mantissa 0 + digitful bu + exp 1	engineering null at OoM −1: amount wiped at scale 10⁻¹ (deci-null). Sterile digitless is g+0e-. Bare OoM is g+e-1.
g-0e-1	ru + mantissa 0 + digitful bu + exp 1	engineering residue at OoM −1: irreducible leftover at that scale

Same under /z/ /d/ /b/ (zrazobal = absolute-zero as subject; z+0e-1 = deci-null as subject).

Emptiness chain (amounts): grubal (−∞ deficit), grazol (plain zero), grazobal (absolute zero), grazobul (sterile micro-null), g+0e-1 (engineering null at 10⁻¹). Bare grabazol is the ones decade band (1–9).

Only amounts take ±0e-1: the engineering null uses ra / ru. On ordinals, digitful exp is generation (g#0e-1 ≠ engineering; grebazol = current generation). Ordinal zero×digitless grezobal = rank annihilated below.

Number as verb and adverb

Form	Reading
v+0e / v+0el	annihilate / wipe totally (hostless total null as act)
v+0e-	sterilize / null at the seed
v+0e-1	null at OoM −1 / wipe at deci scale
v-0e	leave irreducible residue / refuse total wipe
v-0e-	leave micro-residue
v-0e-1	leave residue at OoM −1
h+0e	zero times (totally) / annihilate repetition. Applicability never is restrictor hal.
h+0e-	sterile / grain-null repetition framing
h+0e-1	zero-times framing at OoM −1
h-0e	with irreducible residual repetition
h-0e-1	residual repetition at OoM −1

Ones-band / assert-e0 as verb / adverb / interjection / discourse are ordinary bare OoM / Ne0 (vrabazol, h+3e0, …): Bare OoM / Ambient. Soft -m hedges (almost annihilate, almost deci-null, …).

Number as interjection

Form	Reading
y+0e	Annihilate! / Wipe it!
y+0e-	Sterilize! / Null the seed!
y+0e-1	Null at deci! / Wipe at 10⁻¹!
y-0e	Residue stands! / Won’t totally wipe!
y-0e-1	Deci-residue stands!

yrabazol = ones-band cheer (ordinary bare OoM).

Number as discourse

Discourse nesting uses generation (xrebazol = current-layer assert; x#3e2 = nested depth).

Ordinal rank annihilated (#0e)

Mantissa 0 + digitless ba under forward ordinal re / #. Numbered zeroth is #0 (still a rung). Origin landmark is #e-. Current generation is #e0. Scalar absolute zero is +0e.

Form	Reading
g#0e	rank annihilated / disqualified / place wiped; unplaceable in the series
z#0e / d#0e / b#0e	same as subject / object / modifier
v#0e	disqualify / take annihilated place
h#0e	for a disqualified / struck turn
y#0e	Disqualified! / Rank wiped!

Soft -m hedges (near-disqualified, …). Free twin of derivation ROOTl#0e (numeric-derivation.md).

Free vs derived

The same zero × exponent stems can also sit on a content root as kind words (annihilate the score, a totally wiped debt-kind); those spelled forms are taught in numeric derivation. Free grabazol / g+Ne0 are bare OoM / OoM assert on free numbers, not kind derivation morphs. Engineering OoM-null is ±0e-1.

Hyperbole: mantissa + digitless exponent

For a joking exaggeration (a gazillion, the umpteenth), write nonzero mantissa digits and then a digitless ba or bu. On an amount this is comically huge (ba) or tiny (bu); on a rank it is a comically late or early place. Mantissa 0 + digitless is zero × exponent. Real powers of ten keep digitful exponents (g+1e9). Generation needs digitful exp (ordinal generation). End-relative place is marker #-.

Scalar (ra / ru)

Form	Reading
g+1e	one gazillion (committed hyperbolic huge)
g+3e	three gazillion
g+1e-	one gazillionth / vanishingly small hyperbole
g-1e	minus one gazillion (hyperbolic deficit)

Amounts work the same way on /z/, /d/, and /b/.

Ordinal umpteenth / umpteenth-first (re + ba∅ / bu∅)

The mantissa counts how many joke-units late (ba) or early (bu) the place is. The place is still finite; this is only exaggeration. Landmarks are grebal / grebul.

Form	Reading
g#1e	the gazillionth / umpteenth (comic late place, toward last place)
g#3e	the three-gazillionth
g~#1e	about the gazillionth / soft umpteenth
g#1e-	the gazillionth-first / comic early place (toward onset)
g#3e-	the three-gazillionth-first
g~#1e-	about the gazillionth-first

grebal is last place; grebul is the start landmark; grewol is numbered 1st.

Endings on hyperbolic forms:

Ending	Sense	Example
-l	Committed hyperbole: speaker stands behind the joke magnitude	g+1e one gazillion; g#1e the gazillionth; g#1e- the gazillionth-first
-m	Soft / hedged hyperbole: about a gazillion, umpteen	g~+1e roughly a gazillion; g~#1e about the gazillionth
-n	Proper noun / proper designation: the hyperbolic numeral as a name (a building called the Gazillion, a title One Gazillion, the Gazillionth, …)	g@+1e; g@#1e
-r	Resume that prior hyperbolic amount or place; keep the mantissa (g=+1e, g=#1e), since g=+e / g=#e resume +∞ / last place

On /v/, /h/, /y/, and /x/, hyperbole works the same way:

Form	Reading
h+1e	a gazillion times
h#1e	for the gazillionth time
h#1e-	for the gazillionth-first time
v+1e	add a gazillion
v#1e	place / come in gazillionth / rank as umpteenth
v#1e-	place / come in gazillionth-first
y+1e	a gazillion more!
y#1e	Gazillionth! (comic late place cheer)
y#1e-	Gazillionth-first! (comic early place cheer)
x#1e	umpteenth point: / joke late agenda item
x#1e-	umpteenth-first point: / joke early agenda item

Digitless e/e- sits in its own group (no ye / yo / yu stacked in that group).

Number as stance

Digitless specials, zero × exponent, and hyperbole keep their meaning under stance /th/:

Form	Reading
th+e	certain: not an estimate; no exceptions allowed
th+0e	no chance at all: ruled out, not just 0%
th+1e	a gazillion percent sure (hyperbole)
th-e-	virtually / practically: the claim holds all but a hair
th~-e-	more or less

th+100 and thrazol are still estimates (I'd put it at 100%). thrabal and thrazobal step outside the estimate.

From the end: end-relative ordinal marker #- / ue

To count from the last place (penultimate, starting with the last one), use marker ue (writing #-). Count back within the same generation (no exponent). Speech uses the marker vowels in u-first order: #- is spelled and pronounced rue before its digit syllables and ending (e.g. gruedul). The number’s role-letter-plus-r cluster distinguishes it from join ue.

zugul gruedul. z-book | g-2nd-from-end

"The penultimate book."

Form	Reading
g#-1	1st from the end: same referent as last-place g#e, framed as counting from the end (English Starting with the last one)
g#-2	2nd from the end / penultimate
g#-3	3rd from the end / antepenultimate
g~#-2	about 2nd from the end
g@#-2	conventional / titled penultimate (etc.)
g=#-2	resume that prior end-relative place
g#-	unspecified end-relative rank (zero groups)

gredul = numbered 2nd (from the start); gruedul = 2nd from the end; grebal = last as landmark; grebul = start landmark (no mantissa).

On /v/, /h/, /y/, and /x/:

Form	Reading
h#-2	for the 2nd-from-last time / the penultimate time
v#-2	place / come in 2nd from the end
y#-2	Penultimate! / Second from last!
x#-1	1st-from-end point: / Starting with the last one: (counting twin of x#e Finally:)
x#-2	2nd-from-end point: / penultimate item:

Stacked markers

When a number identity needs two marker vowels, write the symbols in their conventional order and pronounce the vowels with u first. The letter spelling and speech therefore use ruo for a negative digit-string label (#_) and rua for a symmetric error bound (+-). A negative label identifies a value below zero, such as a basement floor; +-N gives an uncertainty of plus or minus N. These stacked forms work with the ordinary number endings.

Write the role letter, symbol stack, then digits: gruowol labels a floor numbered −1; gruarel gives an uncertainty of ±3.

Symbol stack	Spelled and spoken marker	Use
#_	r-u-o	A digit-string label whose value is negative (for example, a below-ground floor label).
+-	r-u-a	A symmetric error bound of ±N.
#-	r-u-e	Count from the end (from the end).
_#	r-o-e	A calendar date, day then month then year (time).

These four are the whole set. The other two standard stacks, r-a-o and r-a-e, are not used. Labels carry no sign (a dialing code +44 is written _44), and a count and a rank are separate markers on separate words.

Ambient magnitude (casual)

In careful writing, an omitted exponent means ones-place (grarel = 3). Prefer writing the exponent when the magnitude matters.

In casual measure-heavy talk, a stretch of conversation may set an ambient order of magnitude (often an engineering e3 / e6 / …). Numbers written without an exponent are then heard at that magnitude until you cancel it. A topic change starts a new stretch, so bare numbers go back to ones until an ambient decade is set again.

Writing e0 says ones outright and cancels the ambient magnitude:

In a stretch where ambient OoM = 3	Reading
g+3 (casual ambient)	three at ambient → often 3×10³
g+3e3	three at 10³ (exp explicit)
g+3e0	three at OoM 0 → 3×10⁰ = 3 (break out of ambient)
g+e0	ones-band amount (bare OoM), not ambient thousands

Write Ne0 (any nonzero mantissa N) to insist on ones. Formal prose that never sets an ambient magnitude rarely needs e0: leave it out when ones are already clear.

Practice

Short drills for Advanced. Try each item before opening Show answer.

Setting: an observatory

New words:

English	Agazan	Cue
telescope	edazol	🔭

Review:

English	Agazan
Azawan	azawan
Alahen	alahen
Ahaben	ahaben
star	ozal
cloud	agavul
seat	ezedal
see	vahahal

English → Agazan

1. Stars, infinitely many.

Show answer

zozalx grabal.

z-star-x | g-plus-infinity

2. One gazillion telescopes.

Show answer

zedazolx grawobal.

z-telescope-x | g-+-1e

3. Finally: Azawan sees the clouds.

Show answer

xrebal zazawan dagavulx vahahal.

x-finally | z-Azawan | d-cloud-x | v-see

4. Alahen almost sees the star.

Show answer

zalahen hrubul dozal vahahal.

z-Alahen | h---e- | d-star | v-see

Agazan → English

1. zozalx grabam.

Show answer

z-star-x | g-plus-infinity.about

Stars, a huge but finite number.

2. zalahen dozalx grarel gruawol vahahal.

Show answer

z-Alahen | [d-star-x | g-three | g-plus-minus-1] | v-see

Alahen sees three stars, give or take one.

3. zahaben dezedal gruodul vahahal.

Show answer

z-Ahaben | [d-seat | g-negative-label-2] | v-see

Ahaben sees seat −2 (a label below zero).

4. zagavulx grazobal.

Show answer

z-cloud-x | g-+-0e

Clouds: absolutely none.

Pick one

1. Azawan barely sees the star. zazawan hrabul dozal vahahal. or zazawan hrubul dozal vahahal.

Show answer

zazawan hrabul dozal vahahal.

z-Azawan | h-+-e- | d-star | v-see

ra clears one full time by a hair (barely); ru falls a hair short (almost).

What changes

1. zozal gredul. / zozal gruedul.

Show answer

z-star | g-2nd

z-star | g-2nd-from-end

The first is the second star from the start; rue counts from the end, so the second is the next-to-last star.

Reference tables

Lookup grids that restate forms taught above; nothing here is new.

Examples inventory

Preferred writing first; the spoken form follows, often with its syllables in parentheses (exact -l unless noted). Digits in speech use the digit table.

Value	Preferred writing	Spoken
plural / more than one	g+	gral (g + ra + l; see digitless)
about several (>1)	g~+	gram
ones band (1–9)	g+e0	grabazol (ra + ba + zo + l; see bare OoM)
three at asserted OoM 0	g+3e0	grabazoyarel (ra + ba + zo + ya + re + l)
thousands band (1000–9999)	g+e3	grabarel (ra + ba + re + l)
2nd from the end / penultimate	g#-2	gruedul (rue + du + l)
1st from the end / Starting with the last one	g#-1	gruewol (rue + wo + l)
for the penultimate time	h#-2	hruedul
Penultimate!	y#-2	yruedul
2nd-from-end point:	x#-2	xruedul
Starting with the last one:	x#-1	xruewol
last place	g#e	grebal
start / beginning place	g#e-	grebul
Starting with:	x#e-	xrebul
Finally:	x#e	xrebal
take 2nd from the end	v#-2	vruedul
some end-relative rank	g#-	gruel
some negative amount	z-	zrul
some rank	g#	grel
some code (object)	d_	drol
how many? / some amount	g=+	grar (digitless -r)
which place? / some place	g=#	grer
what code? / some code	d=_	dror
increase (unspecified)	v+	vral
increase a bit	v~+	vram
multiple times	h+	hral
a few times	h~+	hram
at some clock/date	h_	hrol: unspecified when under bare hro; ≠ har
More!	y+	yral
3	g+3	grarel (g + ra + re + l)
−3	g-3	grurel (g + ru + re + l)
3 (as subject)	z+3	zrarel
−3 (as object)	d-3	drurel
of size 12	b+12	brawodul (b + ra + wo du)
room 12 (modifier)	g_12	growodul (g + ro + wo du)
139	g+139	graworenal (ra + wo re na)
27e12	g+27e12	grabawoduyadulel (ra + ba wo du ya + du le)
e9 (bare)	g+e9	grabanal (ra + ba na; no ya)
50e-6	g+50e-6	grabuguyavazol (ra + bu gu ya + va zo)
−1e9 −265e3 −4	g-1e9,265e3,4	grubanayawothubareyaduguvathumol: ru; groups: ba na ya wo · thu · ba re ya du gu va · thu · mo
$5860.04 → 5e3 + 860 + 4e-2	g+5e3,860,4e-2	grabareyavathahaguzothabuduyamol: ba re ya va · tha · ha gu zo · tha · bu du ya mo
2nd	g#2	gredul; title-like the Second… may take -n (g@#2 / gredun)
penultimate	g#-2	gruedul
about 27e6	g~+27e6	grabaguyadulem (ba gu ya du le, ending -m)
phone 555-123-4567	d_555,123,4567	drovavavathowodurethomovagulel (d + ro + va×3 · tho · wo du re · tho · mo va gu le + l)
scientific 5.2487083e-4	g+5.2487083e-4	grabumoyavayedumohalezoharel (ra + bu mo ya + va ye + du mo ha · le zo ha · re)
25%	g+25%	graduvayol (g + ra + du va yo + l)
+2 pp	g+2%*	graduyul (ra + du yu)
neutral point 1 / 2	x#1, x#2	xrewol, xredul (x + re + …)
end-relative point 2	x#-2	xruedul (x + rue + du)
corroborating item 3	x+3	xrarel (x + ra + re)
independent item 2	x-2	xrudul (x + ru + du); ≠ x#-2
regarding agenda 12	x_12	xrowodul (x + ro + wo du)
as in (2) above (neutral)	x=#2	xredur (ending -r)
three times / ×3	h+3	hrarel (h + ra + re)
÷3 / every third	h-3	hrurel (h + ru + re)
at 15:30	h_15,30	hrowovathorezol (h + ro + wo va · tho · re zo); bare hro = time
for the third time	h#3	hrerel (h + re + re)
Three! (label / score)	y_3	yrorel (y + ro + re)
Three more!	y+3	yrarel (y + ra + re)
Three short! / Three fewer! / −3!	y-3	yrurel (y + ru + re)
twenty-seven! (label)	y_27	yrodulel (y + ro + du le)
First! (place cheer)	y#1	yrewol (y + re + wo)

In a sentence, the role letter attaches to that single number word (see Parts of speech on numbers; e.g. direct-object digit-string: d_…).

See also

• Applied uses (labels, time, measure, ranges, percent): numbers-applied.md
• Phrase fences for ranges: joins.md
• Scalar comparison / measured differentials: comparatives.md
• Number-word phonotactics: phonology.md
• Kind morphs (ROOTlNUM): numeric-derivation.md