People and pointing cheat sheet

A quick look at pronouns and plurality on one page. Nothing here is new: each row links to the section that teaches it. Stage: B Beginner, I Intermediate, A Advanced.

Pointing back

Which pointer to use

You want	Use	Example	English	Stage
The same one again, by name	role letter + whole stem + -r	zazawar	Azawan (again)	B
The same kind again	the same, on a kind	zodogar	the dog	B
By the part they played	role letter + role vowel + x + pointer vowel + -r	zaxar	the latest doer	B
A new one of that kind	the same pointer with -l	duxal	another one (as object)	B
Their part, not them	the same pointer with -m	zaxam	what the doer did	B
Pin one sense	-rl concrete, -rm abstract	dodogarl	the dog (not the loyalty)	I
A label you chose	role letter + w + tag vowel	zwar	A	I
The talk's topic	oza + -n	zozan	the topic	I

A resume uses the whole stem: debedaluruher is the bedroom, debedar is the bed. It points at the most recent word with that stem.

Role pointers

Role letter for the slot now (see role pointers), a role vowel for the part, x, a pointer vowel for which event, then the ending.

Role vowel	Part in the earlier event	Where it sat	Example	Stage
a	the doer	/z/	zaxar	B
u	the one it happens to	/d/	duxar	B
o	the extra party	/b/	zoxar	B

Pointer vowel	Picks	Example	English	Stage
a	the latest sentence with someone in that part	zaxar	they	B
e	this sentence's own event	daxer	themself	B
o	the nearest one other than the last	zaxor	the other one	B
u	the latest sentence that left the part unsaid	zaxur	whoever did it	B

Endings on a pointer: -r the same one, -l a new one (not with u), -m their part (not with e). A pointer never names its own slot. A topic change ends its reach.

Other ways to point

Job	Example	English	Stage
Same action again: change only the role letter	zalahen vazawar.	Alahen does the same with Azawan.	I
Each other	zazawan zalahen zal vahahal hedam.	Azawan and Alahen see each other.	I
A new one with a new property	zalahen dar godogar gubuhel vahahal.	Alahen sees a blue one.	I

Tags

A tag is a label you choose: role letter, w, a tag vowel (A a, E e, O o, U u), an ending. It stays on its referent. Tags fill /z/, /d/, /b/ only.

Job	Example	English	Stage
Assign: tag -l after a phrase	zodogal zwal	a dog, call it A	I
A new referent with no name	zwal	someone A	I
Recall	zwar / dwar / bwar	A	I
Recall a tag assigned to a name	zwan / dwan / bwan	A, a named one	I
A's part in the latest event	zwam / dwam / bwam	what A did	I
A and associates	zwarx / zwanx	A and associates	I
Two tags (six stacks: zwaer zwaor zwoer zwuar zwuor zwuer)	zwaer	A and E	I
Two tags, their parts	zwaem	what A and E did	I
Two tags and associates	zwaerx	A, E, and associates	I

The topic

Only an /x/ word at the start of a sentence sets the topic. Being first, being the subject, and as for do not.

Job	Example	English	Stage
Introduce a person	xazawan	now, about Azawan	I
Introduce a kind	xodogal	now, about a dog	I
Return to an earlier topic	xazawar	back to Azawan	I
Return to the kind from before	xodogar	back to the dog	I
Clear the topic	xevavem / xavazem	next / by the way	I
The topic itself, in any slot	zozan / dozan / bozan	the topic	I

The topic pronoun is never a topic word or a resume (xozan, xozar, zozar are not sentences). A dropped subject is never the topic: write zozan.

What a topic change resets	Resets?	Stage
Role pointer anchors	yes	I
Bare-number magnitude	yes	I
Whole-stem -r	no	I
Tags	no	I

People in the conversation

Special pronouns

Role letter + the root + -n (special pronouns). Prefer a proper name when you have one.

Word	Means	In a slot	English	Same root as	Stage
amun	the speaker	zamun	I	amul microphone	B
ehon	the one listening	zehon / dehon	you	ehol headphones	B
ahan	speaker and addressees together	zahan	we (you and I)	ahal handshake	B
unan	a nonspecific individual	zunan	someone	unal neutral	B
oben	any person, as a rule	zoben	one, generic you	obel person	B

Notes: As an object, we is dahan. ehon is always the person actually listening. oben takes no -x. Your own name works as I: n.

Groups with -x

Form	Means	Example	English	Stage
name -nx	anchor and associates	zazawanx	Azawan and associates	B
-lx / -mx	an indefinite group	zagadulx	some cats	B
-lnx	some of a name	dazawalnx	some Azawans	I
-rx	someone mentioned, and associates	zazawarx	they	B
speaker -x	the speaker and their people, you not included	amunx (zamunx, damunx)	I and my people	B
listener -x	the address set, speaker not included	ehonx (zehonx, dehonx)	you all	B
interlocutors -x	everyone here, and their people	ahanx	we all	B

Who counts as an associate is open unless you say: a join or ul names it; otherwise a group already named, then the obvious group in the scene. Nonspecific unan takes no -x; some people is zobelx.

One act, one unit

-x on a verb or adjective says the group acts, or the property holds, as one.

Job	Example	English	Stage
Group, act left open	zazawanx vezehel	Azawan and associates sing	I
One shared act	zazawanx vezehelx	they sing as one outing	I
Joint doing, others unnamed	zazawan vezehelx	Azawan sings jointly	I
The group as one unit	zavahal vowogalx	the family walks as one unit	I
Property of each member	zavabal zulol zal garagam	the file-box and the toolbox are (each) heavy	I
Property of the whole	zavabal zulol zal garagamx	heavy together	I
Group-level size	zavahal gagegem	the family is vast	I
Members, plain	zavabalx garagam	the file-boxes are heavy	I
Members, collectively	zavabalx garagamx	the file-boxes are heavy collectively	I
Call a group	yehonx	hey, you all	I

Don't mix up

This	vs	That
zazawar Azawan, again (the stem, resumed)		zaxar the latest doer (by the part they played)
duxar the same one (-r)		duxal another one (-l)
zaxar the person (-r)		zaxam what they did (-m)
zahan you and I (aha)		zamunx I and my people, not you (speaker -x)
zehon you (one listener)		zehonx you all (the address set)
zunan someone (tied to no event)		zaxur whoever did that (tied to one known event)
zoben one, people at large (generic)		zehon you, the listener (just them)
xazawan now, about Azawan (sets the topic)		zozan the topic (refers to it)