Roles and comparing cheat sheet

A quick look at role compounds, mid-word x, and comparatives on one page. Nothing here is new: each row links to the section that teaches it. Stage: B Beginner, I Intermediate, A Advanced.

Naming a part of an event

Write a thing letter (/z/ /d/ /b/), the role vowel, mid-word x, the event root, then the ending. The vowel picks the part. -l / -m / -n mean anyone in that part; -r means this instance, from the latest matching event.

Vowel	Names	Example	English	Stage
a	the doer	zaxedehol	someone who teaches	B
e	the scene (place or time)	dexezebal	a place where someone sleeps	B
u	the undergoer	zuxahahar	the one seen	B
o	the extra /b/ party	zoxezeber	the one told	B
ae	the tool	daexaradal	a writing tool	I
oe	the goal	doexuvudel	a destination	I
ua	the source	duaxobohor	where it was poured from	I
uo	the path	duoxowogal	a walkway	I
ao	the result, newly made	daoxagozal	a building	I
ue	the one who pays	zuexaragum	a theft victim	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
The one, from an earlier event: -r	zazawan vehahel. zaxehaher vowogal.	Azawan sits. The one sitting walks.	B
A noun in the stem: another x	zaxodogaxowogal varahal.	Someone who walks dogs runs.	B
Is one who: on /ɡ/	zazawan gaxedehol.	Azawan is one who teaches.	B
The usual role: the before the ending	zaxedehothel varahal.	A teacher runs.	I
Is a teacher	zazawan gaxedehothel.	Azawan is a teacher.	I
The event itself: no vowel	davadal	a fight	B

A role compound has one role vowel, left of the first x. Its stem is always an event: zaxamun is not a word.

Without the stem

A role pointer drops the stem. The pointer vowel picks the event by position: a the latest, e this sentence's own, o the other, u the one that left the part unsaid. -r is the participant, -l a new one of its kind, -m its part.

Agazan	Names	Its /b/ comes from	Stage
daexar	the tool of the latest event	ael	I
doexar	where it headed	oel	I
duaxar	where it came out of	ual	I
duoxar	the way it went	uol	I
daoxar	what it made	the event's own	I
zuexar	the one who paid for it	uel	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Whoever did the latest thing	zaxar	they	B
The scene, with a place	zazawan vezebal al bahazal. zalahen dexar vahahal.	Azawan sleeps in a house. Alahen sees the house.	B
Another tool like that	daexal	another tool like that one	I
The other tool	daexor	the other tool	I
Whatever it was done with	daexur	whatever it was done with	I

The scene has no zexor, zexol, or zexom.

Left, right, up, down

Bare arrow words are compass headings. With mid-word th and a facing person they become that direction from the person's body. Gravity words need no facing person.

Agazan	Compass	On a face	Stage
onoval	north	ahead	I
azaval	south	back	I
odul	east	right	I
ewezal	west	left	I
anovel	northeast	forward-right	I
onovel	northwest	forward-left	I
azovel	southeast	back-right	I
azawel	southwest	back-left	I

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
abahal	skyward, shared frame	up	I
adahel	toward the pull, shared frame	down	I
evadel	the vertical axis	up–down axis	I

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
Bare DIR	compass / gravity	gewezal west; gabahal up	I
DIR th ANCHOR	that point on ANCHOR's facing rose	gewezathehon listener-left	I
DIR + th + o + /b/	that point on the landmark's own rose	gazavathol bahazal behind the house	I
complex /ɡ/ + /b/	region on a side of a landmark	gewezathazawan bedehul left of the tree, from Azawan's view	I

The anchor can be amu speaker, eho listener, a name, or a role pointer on -r. The ending applies to the anchor, not the direction.

Agazan	English	Stage
gewezal	west (shared map)	I
gewezathazawan	Azawan's left	I
gewezathehon	your left (listener facing)	I
gewezathamun	my left (speaker facing)	I
gewezathahan	our left (shared facing)	I
gabahal / habahal	gravity up	I

Agazan	English	Stage
gazavathol bahazal	behind the house (its own back)	I
gonovathol bahazal	in front of the house	I
gewezathol bahazal	on the house's left	I
gewezathazawan bahazal	left of the house, from Azawan's view	I
gewezal bahazal	west of the house	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Compass	yel vowogal hewezal.	Walk west.	I
Azawan's left	yel vowogal hewezathazawan.	Walk left (Azawan's left).	I
Your left	yel vowogal zehon hewezathehon.	You, walk left (your left).	I
Their left	zazawan vowogal. zalahen vehahel hewezathaxar.	Azawan walks. Alahen sits on their left.	I
Up	yel vowogal habahal.	Walk up.	I
Under	zodogal vezebal hadahel bedehul.	The dog sleeps under the tree.	I
Above	zugul vehahel gabahal bedehul.	The book sits above the tree.	I
Left of a landmark	zugul gewezathazawan bedehul.	The book is left of the tree, from Azawan's view.	I
Behind	zodogal vehahel gazavathol bahazal.	The dog sits behind the house.	I

Reading mid-word x

After the role letter, look at both sides of the first x. A normal root is longer than one vowel, so a lone vowel left of x means a role.

Left of x	Right of x	Reading	Example	Stage
full root	full root	one ordinary compound	zebeyaxabodel peanut butter; zohuxaluden (a hyphenated name)	B
role vowel	a / e / o / u, then -r / -l / -m	role pointer	zaxar they; zaxal another one; zaxam what they did	B
role vowel	a longer root	role compound	zaxedehol someone who teaches	B
name	a single vowel, then -n	conversation length	Azawan, I have time	I
longer root	a single vowel	ability	can't sing right now	I

Mid-word th is another family: a sake root and a vowel (gulothal), any other root and a vowel (label scope), or a direction root and a facing person (gewezathazawan). After a sake root, root-shaped letters are always the emotion tail.

One thing or two

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
two words	two things, or a property marked another way	zahavol zerevul zam a hammer and a wrench; zodogal gubuhel a blue dog	B
x in the middle	one thing; both roots audible	gagayoxalaval love in the crush sense; zebeyaxabodel peanut butter; zazawaxalahen (one person)	B
dictionary word	one familiar kind, one entry	zebedaluruhel bedroom; zazoval sunflower	B

A dictionary compound joins its two roots with the left root's ending (-l everyday, -m abstract), never x. If the pairing is not listed, glue with x or use two words.

Agazan	English	Stage
zebedaluruhel	bedroom	B
zoyelebehul	doorbell	B
zanalobel	friend	B
zerehelogodul	raincoat	B

More pieces: keep English order in one word, last root the kind (zagavexedehexowoden Coffee-Tea-Water, one named shop).

Conversation length

Name + x + one vowel + -n, on a greeting or a call. At arrival it says how long you expect to talk; at departure, how soon you leave. The lesser bid sets the shared limit.

Form	At arrival	At departure	Stage
xan	open-ended: we can stay	none	I
xen	a few minutes	leaving soon	I
xon	one slot: one ask or comment	about to leave	I
xun	passing	leaving right now	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Arriving	xan.	I have time; we can stay.	I
Calling with a bid	yalahexen.	Alahen, I have a few minutes.	I
The other bid	alahexon.	Alahen, one slot.	I
Leaving soon	xen.	I'm leaving soon.	I

More, as much, less

Write the names, then the rank join, then the shared adjective on /ɡ/. e ranks the first higher; ue the first lower; oe ties. -l is firm, -m open.

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
Rank e (zel)	rank on a shared quality	more … than / the …-est	B
Equality oe (zoel / zoem)	same height on the quality	as … as / about as … as	B

Job	Example	English	Stage
More than	zazawan zalahen zel gamadam.	Azawan is more challenging than Alahen.	B
The most: one name	zazawan zel gamadam.	Azawan is the most challenging.	B
Much more: /w/ before the adjective	zazawan zalahen zel wohahal gamadam.	Azawan is much more challenging than Alahen.	B
As … as	zazawan zalahen zoel gamadam.	Azawan is as challenging as Alahen.	B
About as … as	zazawan zalahen zoem gabawal.	Azawan is about as bright as Alahen.	B
Both are: an and-list, no ranking	zazawan zalahen zal gamadam	Azawan and Alahen are both challenging.	B
Not as … as: zuel	zalahen zazawan zuel gamadam	Alahen is not as challenging as Azawan.	I
No more … than: deny with zul	zalahen zazawan zel gamadam zul.	Alahen is no more challenging than Azawan.	I
Second biggest: ordinal in /w/	zazawan zel wredul gelavam.	Azawan is the second biggest.	I

How many names

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
Multi (2+) under e / ue	comparative ladder	earlier above later (e); later above earlier (ue)	I
Single-item (1) under e / ue	superlative	the …-est / the least …	I
Standalone (0) under e / ue	empty superlative	there is no biggest; open -m = none comes to mind	I

Example	Reading	Stage
zazawan zalahen zahaben zem gamadam	Azawan is more challenging than Alahen, who is more than Ahaben (open)	I
zazawan zalahen zuel gamadam	Azawan is less challenging than Alahen	I
zel gamadam	there is no most challenging	I
zem gamadam	no most challenging comes to mind	I
zuel gamadam	there is no least challenging	I
zazawan zuel gamadam	Azawan is the least challenging (of all)	I
zer gamadam	whatever ranks highest on challenging	I
zazawan zalahen zer gamadam	whichever of Azawan or Alahen ranks higher	I

Other scales

Keep the rank join; change what the shared word is.

Scale	Example	English	Stage
Manner: /h/ right after the join	zalahen zazawan zel hahegem vowogal.	Alahen walks more intensely than Azawan.	I
Amount: gral	zagadulx zodogalx zel gral.	There are more cats than dogs.	I
Amount, fewer	zagadulx zodogalx zuel gral.	There are fewer cats than dogs.	I
Amount, as many	zagadulx zodogalx zoel gral.	There are as many cats as dogs.	I
Amount, by impression: gram	zagadulx zodogalx zel gram.	It looks like there are more cats than dogs.	I
How many more: difference in /b/	zagadulx zodogalx zel gral brarel.	There are three more cats than dogs.	I
Frequency: hral	zazawan zalahen zel hral vowogal.	Azawan walks more often than Alahen.	I
Time, later: bral	zazawan zalahen zel bral vevahal.	Azawan arrives later than Alahen.	I
Time, earlier	zazawan zalahen zuel bral vevahal.	Azawan arrives earlier than Alahen.	I
The more …, the more …	zazawan hral vowogal xoel zalahen hral vezebal.	The more Azawan walks, the more Alahen sleeps.	I
The more …, the less …	zazawan hral vowogal xuel zalahen hral vezebal.	The more Azawan walks, the less Alahen sleeps.	I
Twice as: factor after the adjective	zazawan zalahen zoel gelavam hradul.	Azawan is twice as big as Alahen.	I
Half as: inverse hrudul	zalahen zazawan zoel gelavam hrudul.	Alahen is half as big as Azawan.	I

Three times bigger is zoel with hrarel, not zel. The covarying joins state only that the two go together, not which causes the other.

Than a stance

Put a /th/ stance word where the second name would go, right before the rank join. It is the bar: the value that stance sets. After the fence it is an ordinary stance on the whole claim.

Agazan	Use	English	Stage
name + bar + zel	above the bar	more than planned / later than planned	I
name + bar + zuel	below the bar	less than planned / earlier than planned	I
name + bar + zoel	at the bar	as planned	I
bar after the fence	a stance on the whole claim	plans to be the most …	I

Job	Example	English	Stage
Later than planned	zazawan thamam zel bral vevahal.	Azawan arrives later than planned.	I
Stance after the fence	zazawan zel bral vevahal thamam.	Azawan plans to arrive last.	I
More than planned, on an object	zazawan dozolx thamam del gral vagadel.	Azawan eats more strawberries than planned.	I
Often, on a recipient	zazawan vezebel balahen thamam bel hral.	Azawan tells Alahen more often than planned.	I
Than usual	zazawan thobam zel gezebul.	Azawan is sleepier than usual.	A
Than I remember	zazawan thevom zel gelavam.	Azawan is bigger than I remember.	A
Than advertised	zugul thewam zuel gagazam.	The book is less clear than advertised.	A
Than I expected	zazawan thahom zel gezebul.	Azawan is sleepier than I expected.	A
Than they used to be	zazawan thenom zel gezebul.	Azawan is sleepier than they used to be.	A
As … as possible	zalahen thuboxal zoel hadehum vowogal.	Alahen walks as hastily as possible.	A
Up to code	zahazal thumel zoel gabezem.	The house is as strong as the rules require.	A
More than allowed	zedehel thegol zel gral.	There is more tea than the rules allow.	A
Than hoped	zugul thevegem zel gagazam.	The book is clearer than I hoped.	A
Than feared	zugul thewedam zuel gagazam.	The book is even less clear than I feared.	A

Every bar

Bar	Ranks against	English	Stage
met sake thegatham, thoyutham, …	what that sake needs	enough / too much / not enough	A
LIVE thodom	how it looks	than it looks	A
MEMORY thevom	how you remember it	than I remember / than last time	A
PATTERN thobam	the trail of cases	than usual / normal	A
CLUES thunem	what was worked out	than calculated / than it should be	A
REPORTED thewam	what was said or written	than advertised / than they said	A
INTUITION thahom	your gut expectation	than I expected	A
FORMER thenom	how it used to be	than it used to be / increasingly	A
NOTIONAL thavom	the imagined case	than imagined / than in theory	A
PLAN thamam	the plan or the schedule	than planned / than scheduled	A
WANT thohul / thohum / thohur	the level wanted	than wanted / than I wanted	A
ABIL thuboxal	what can be done	as … as possible	A
REQUIRE thumel / thumem / thumer	the rule, the demand, or custom	up to code / than demanded / than customary	A
PERMIT thegol / thegom / thegor	the rule, the grant, or what is tolerated	over the limit / than they allow	A
CONSENT thuxegom	the agreed terms	more than agreed	A
speaker attitude thevegem, thewedam	the case you hoped for or feared	than hoped / than feared	A

The bar's ending keeps its own job: on a channel it is evidence strength (thobal, thobar). The bar's /b/ is the source (REPORTED), the holder (WANT, REQUIRE, PERMIT, CONSENT), or whose cases set the pattern (PATTERN). Only stances that set a value are bars: a pole, MAY, MIRATIVE, DECISION, and ATTEMPT are not.

Vague amounts

English many and often rank against an unstated baseline. Agazan names the bar.

English	Bar and rank	Stage
many / few	PATTERN thobam, zel / zuel with gral	A
often / rarely	PATTERN thobam, zel / zuel with hral	A
late / early	PATTERN thobam, zel / zuel with bral	A
than usual (the same person or thing)	PATTERN thobam with no /b/	A
too much / enough / not enough	a met sake bar (thegatham), zel / zoel / zuel	A
too late / too soon	a met sake bar (thegatham), zel / zuel with bral	A
as … as possible	ABIL thuboxal, zoel	A
more and more / increasingly	FORMER thenom, zel	A

Job	Example	English	Stage
Many cats	zagadulx thobam zel gral.	There are many cats.	A
Often	zazawan thobam zel hral vowogal.	Azawan often walks.	A

Don't mix up

This	vs	That
zazawan zalahen zel gamadam more than (a ranking)		zazawan zalahen zal gamadam both are (an and-list)
zoel as … as (a tie)		zuel not as … as (below)
zel gamadam no most (standalone)		zer gamadam whatever ranks highest (someone is on top)
zalahen zazawan zel hahegem vowogal more intensely than (ranks the manner)		gahegem more intense (a quality of the people)
zazawan thamam zel bral vevahal later than planned (a bar before the join)		zazawan zel bral vevahal thamam plans to be last (a stance after)
zaxedehol someone who teaches (any one who does it)		zaxedehothel a teacher (the usual role)
zaxedehor the one teaching (this instance)		gaxedehol is one who teaches (a label)
daexaradal a writing tool (a compound)		ael using (a hook on the clause)
gewezal west (compass)		gewezathazawan Azawan's left (a face)
gewezathazawan bedehul left of the tree, from Azawan's view (a facing person)		gewezathol bahazal on the house's left (the landmark's own front)
zebedaluruhel bedroom (a dictionary word)		zebeyaxabodel peanut butter (glued with x)